Objective To analyze the effect of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) for the treatment of obesity and its influence on serum leptin and adiponectin levels. Methods A total of 50 patients with obesity undergoing LSG for treatment were enrolled. Surgical status (operation duration, intraoperating bleeding volume, postoperative and exhaust time, and postoperative length of hospital stay) was analyzed. Patients were followed up for 6 months after operation, serum leptin and adiponectin levels, as well as weight loss indices (weight, body mass index, percentage of excess weight loss [EWL%], wast circumference) in patients were compared between before operation and 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after operation. The occurrence of adverse reactions and improvement of comorbidity within 6 months after operation were analyzed in patients. Results Operation was successfully completed in all 50 patients, and the operation duration was 70-160 (118.6 ± 20.4) minutes, intraoperative bleeding volume was 24-75 (48.3 ± 18.7) mL, postoperative anal exhaust time was 2-4 (2.3 ± 0.5) days, and postoperative length of hospital stay was 4-10 (8.2 ± 2.4) days. There was a tendency of patients' serum leptin and adiponectin levels, and weight, body mass index, EWL%, waist circumference over time (P<0.05), therein serum leptin level, weight, body mass index, waist circumference of patients after 1, 3, and 6 months of operation were lower than those before operation, whereas serum adiponectin level was higher than that before operation, and EWL% exhibited an increasing trend after 1, 3, and 6 months after operation (P<0.05). After 6 months of operation, only 1 patient suffered from pulmonary infection, and patients' concomitant diseases were all ameliorated. Conclusion LSG for treating obesity exerts a significant effect, which can prominently ameliorate patients' serum leptin and adiponectin levels, and improve concomitant diseases of obesity, exerting relatively favorable clinical effects.

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