ObjectiveTo summarize the best evidence for the prevention and management of hyperkalemia in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). MethodsBased on the "6S" evidence pyramid model, evidence related to the prevention and management of hyperkalemia in MHD patients was retrieved from domestic and overseas relevant websites and databases, including clinical decision-making, clinical practice guidelines, expert consensus/recommendations, evidence summary, and systematic reviews. After evaluating quality of the literature, evidence was extracted and summarized. ResultsA total of 10 literature was eventually enrolled, therein there were 3 articles of clinical decision-making, 4 articles of clinical practice guidelines, 3 articles of expert consensus/recommendations. A total of 25 pieces of best evidence were generated from 6 dimensions, including management objectives and risk assessment, diet management, hemodialysis optimization, potassium raising drug management, potassium lowering drug intervention, and reasonable monitoring. ConclusionBased on the best evidence for the prevention and management of hyperkalemia in MHD patients, medical staff can select appropriate evidence and formulate appropriate prevention and treatment regimen in combination with patients′ conditions and clinical actual conditions, so as to decrease the incidence rate of hyperkalemia in MHD patients, and to improve the quality of life in patients.

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