Objective To observe the application effect of less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) technique combined with duo positive airway pressure (DUOPAP) in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS). Methods A total of 80 children with NRDS were selected as the research subjects, and they were randomly assigned to LISA+DUOPAP group or intubation⁃surfactant⁃extubation (INSURE)+nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) group, with 40 cases in each group. The pre⁃ and post⁃treatment blood gas analysis indices, and adverse reactions, indices related to hospitalization, clinical efficacy, and occurrence states of complications during administration were compared between children of the two groups. Results After treatment, both groups exhibited elevated PaO2 and pH value as compared with before treatment, and the LISA+DUOPAP group yielded higher PaO2 and pH value as compared with the INSURE+NCPAP group; in addition, both groups presented a decreased PaCO2 as compared with before treatment, and the LISA+DUOPAP group interpreted a lower PaCO2 as compared with the INSURE+NCPAP group (P<0.05). During administration, the LISA+DUOPAP group depicted a lower drug reflux rate as compared with the INSURE+NCPAP group (P<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence rate of carbon dioxide retention and bradycardia between the two groups (P>0.05). The LISA+DUOPAP group indicated shorter adjuvant ventilation time, total oxygen use time, length of hospital stay, and a lower total hospitalization expense as compared with the INSURE+NCPAP group (P<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in the total effective rate between the two groups (P>0.05). The total incidence rate of complications in the LISA+DUOPAP group was lower than that in the INSURE+NCPAP group (P<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence rate of various complications (bronchopulmonary dysplasia, premature periventricular intraventricular hemorrhage, retinopathy of prematurity, neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis) between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Compared with INSURE technique combined with NCPAP, LISA technique combined with DUOPAP for the treatment of NRDS can preferably ameliorate blood gas indices and oxygenation, shorten length of hospital stay, reduce hospitalization expense, and decrease the total incidence rate of complications.

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