Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of Qihuang Yishen Decoction for the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with deficiency in spleen and kidney in stage 3-4. Methods A total of 82 CKD patients with deficiency in spleen and kidney in stage 3-4 were selected, and they were randomly divided into observation group or control group, with 41 cases in each group. Both groups received routine treatment, based on which the observation group received additionally Qihuang Yishen Decoction for treatment. Pre⁃ and post⁃treatment syndrome scores of Traditional Chinese Medicine (gloomy complexion, fatigue and lack of strength, short of breath and lazy to speak, less eating and anorexia, and soreness and weakness of waist and knees), renal function indices in terms of blood urea nitrogen level, blood creatinine level, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and serum inflammatory factors levels with respect to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)⁃β1, and interleukin (IL)⁃6, as well as post⁃treatment clinical efficacy were compared between patients of the two groups. The occurrence of adverse reactions in patients of both groups during treatment was observed. Results After treatment, the syndrome scores of Traditional Chinese Medicine in both groups were decreased, and the observation group yielded lower syndrome scores of Traditional Chinese Medicine as compared with the control group (P<0.05). Patients of both groups obtained decreased blood urea nitrogen level, blood creatinine level, whereas an elevated eGFR, and the observation group exhibited superior blood urea nitrogen level and blood creatinine level, as well as a superior eGFR as compared with the control group (P<0.05). Both groups interpreted decreased levels of VEGF, TGF⁃β1, and IL⁃6, and the aforementioned levels of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). During treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence rate of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Qihuang Yishen Decoction can ameliorate syndrome scores of Traditional Chinese Medicine in CKD patients with deficiency in spleen and kidney in stage 3-4, and elevate clinical efficacy, as well as its mechanism may be related to down⁃regulate levels of VEGF, TGF⁃β1, and IL⁃6.

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