Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of anti⁃mutated citrullinated vimentin (MCV) antibody and anti⁃cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibody on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to analyze their correlations with disease activity of RA. Methods A total of 74 RA patients (the RA group), 95 patients with connective tissue disease (the non⁃RA group), and 60 healthy check⁃up individuals (the healthy control group) were selected as the research subjects. Patients of the RA group were assigned to high⁃activity stage group (n=22), medium⁃activity stage group (n=18), low⁃activity stage group (n=14), or remission stage group (n=20) based on Disease Activity Score in 28 Joints⁃Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (DAS28⁃ESR). The positive rates of serum anti⁃MCV antibody, serum anti⁃CCP antibody, serum rheumatoid factor (RF), and ESR were compared between the RA group, the non⁃RA group and the healthy control group, as well as serum anti⁃MCV antibody level, serum anti⁃CCP antibody level, serum RF level, and ESR were compared between the groups of RA with different activity stages. The receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn to analyze the values of serum anti⁃MCV antibody level, serum anti⁃CCP antibody level, serum RF level, and ESR for alone and jointly diagnosing RA. The correlations of serum anti⁃MCV antibody level, serum anti⁃CCP antibody level, serum RF level, and ESR with DAS28⁃ESR were analyzed. Results (1) The RA group exhibited higher positive rates of serum anti⁃MCV antibody, serum anti⁃CCP antibody, serum RF, and ESR as compared with the non⁃RA group and the healthy control group (P<0.05). The non⁃RA group yielded higher positive rates of serum anti⁃CCP antibody, serum RF, and ESR as compared with the healthy control group (P<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in serum anti⁃MCV antibody positive rate between the two groups (P>0.05). (2) Serum anti⁃MCV antibody and serum anti⁃CCP antibody levels, as well as ESR were elevated successively in the remission stage group, and the low⁃, medium⁃ and high⁃activity stage groups (P<0.05); furthermore, the high⁃activity stage group interpreted a higher serum RF level as compared with the remaining 3 groups (P<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in serum RF level between the remaining 3 groups (P>0.05). (3) Areas under the curve (AUC) of serum anti⁃MCV antibody and serum anti⁃CCP antibody levels for alone diagnosing RA were all larger than 0.85, and all larger than AUC of serum RF level and ESR (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in sensitivity, specificity, and AUC between serum anti⁃MCV antibody level and serum anti⁃CCP antibody level for diagnosing RA (P>0.05); furthermore, AUC of serum anti⁃MCV antibody level, serum anti⁃CCP antibody level, serum RF level, and ESR for jointly diagnosing RA reached 0.935, which was larger than AUC of any single index for diagnosing RA (P<0.05). (4) Serum anti⁃MCV antibody and serum anti⁃CCP antibody levels, as well as ESR all positively correlated with DAS28⁃ESR in RA patients (P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with conventional indices in terms of serum RF and ESR, both serum anti⁃MCV antibody and serum anti⁃CCP antibody exert relatively high diagnostic values for RA, and the two combined with serum RF and ESR for diagnosing RA can significantly improve diagnostic efficiency. Serum anti⁃MCV antibody level and serum anti⁃CCP antibody level positively correlate with RA disease activity, which can be regarded as adjuvant indices for evaluating patients' disease activity.

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